"Learner-Centered Teaching"

THE BALANCE OF POWER

The power in the clasroom is balanced with the Learner-Centered by Mary Ellen Weimer (2002).As we are the auhority in the classroom, we need to know the students'neccesities to be aware of their language process.Students know that the class belongs to the teacher. He or She creates all the rules to their students.Teachers also decides what materials they will useful and  how this is presented to them.

This chapter concentrates on  what are the some strategies to create and enviromental rapport between the students and the teacher.Typically no ones asks students what they want to learn.They have no choice on how things are done inside the class.Controll the class is the role of the teacher.He must know all the problems present during a certain activity. Awareness of some difficulties as for example in questions asks by the students, lack of concentration, etc.

In my case, I will use some techniques to take advantage of all the differents skills students have. Have the balance of power implies everything.Not only have the capacity to rule but know how do it.

 REFERENCES

• ProQuest Ebook Central. (2017). Ebookcentral.proquest.com. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uta-ebooks/reader.action?docID=1119448&ppg=106
•  Sharing Power in the Classroom: CTLE Resources. (2017). Utah.instructure.com. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://utah.instructure.com/courses/148446/pages/sharing-power-in-the-classroom

"Learner-Centered Teaching"

CHAPTER THREE 

THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER

Becoming a teacher is not an easy job, becoming a facilitator is an essential part of being learner-centered.As teacher we have to use differents activities to encourage students engage in the lesson.

Sometimes the teacher do all the work inside the classroom and he/she does not allow students to participate in the class. In this case teacher need to be more learner- centered rather than just using the TTT (Teacher talking time).It is very important to vknow that students are learning a new language so, the role of the teacher is to be a tutor to them.Teach the primaly things and be a support inside every task.

What actually I need to know is that as a future teacher, I have to make students take part in the lesson.For example; letting them asking question,participate in every task given in the classrom, givin gthem the opportunity to make mistakes. We are creating a good raport with them.Is is not easy to change our way of teaching but, we have to give as many opportunities they need to learn the language.

In my future classes,I will let students participate in the class, keep them enroll in the lesson.Encouraging every time they need

REFERENCES

• ProQuest Ebook Central. (2017). Ebookcentral.proquest.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uta-ebooks/reader.action?docID=1119448&ppg=77
• Roles of a Teacher in the Classroom. (2017). Education.gov.gy. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from http://www.education.gov.gy/web/index.php/teachers/tips-for-teaching/item/1603-roles-of-a-teacher-in-the-classroom#gsc.tab=0

Unit 8 "Speaking"

Speaking is one of the four language skills, it is a productive skill. What this involve is use the speech to convey meaning trough a communicate way.The purspose of speaking is to communicate meaning to others.These authors mention that seaking is a process that construct meaning in a interactive way Brown (1994) and Burns and Joyce (1997). For me speaking is a way of communication within a context between some participants.
There are some strategies that can help us to convey meaning as for example; gestures, eye contact, facial expresions, and movement. All this features create an envinroment of clarification.This unit contained several subskills to use the language accurately.First,we have to use the correct grammar and fuctions. Second, we have to speak coherently with an appropiate register.Finally, the use of body language is essential to create a raport wih the other person.
In my future classes,I will use some techniques that will help students to learn this topic.There are activities that can help them to communicate better into the context they are using.For example; the use of role-plays are good enough to maker them practice into the language.Another activity can be the use of thecnological tools, to improve their skill.

REFERENCES

• What speaking is. (2017). Area.dge.mec.pt. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from http://area.dge.mec.pt/gramatica/whatspeakingis.htm
• Strategies for Developing Speaking Skills. (2017). Nclrc.org. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/speaking/stratspeak.htm

Unit 7 "Listening"

Listenig is a receptive skill that involves responding to the language rather that producing it, which it is means making sense of the sounds of a language.This skill  generally  works on receiving the language through our ears to make the brain work to codify the sounds of individuals words to understand the spoken language.
This unit contains features because they are produce in differents circumstances, if the message is not understood there will be some misunderstandings.Listening also involves on a the undertanding of differents speeds on differents accents.There are people who talk very fast and without pauses. On the other hand, there are others that speak slowly with more pauses.There are several listening subskillls that I learnt form this untit, they are; listen for gist, specific information, detail,etc. All of them play an important role in the language context.
Listening is a skill that have to be teach to students in a specific and clear way becuase they have to respond to what is listen. An activity that help to develop this skill is to listen as many songs as they can to be involve in the Englsih process.
The following video is about how you can understand native speakers in context language.

REFERENCES

•  What is Listening? | English Club. (2017). Englishclub.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.englishclub.com/listening/what.htm
• How To Understand Fast English Speakers. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-ICERCYjL0

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Unit 6 " Writing"

Writing is one of the four skills in language teaching.What this involve is producing language rather that receive it.With this we can also communicate meaning but in a written way.H.G. argued that writing has the ability to put agreements, laws, comands, on record. In my opinion writing is the ability to create sentences by joinig it to trasmit a message to other people.As this is productive skill we are able to give a reason to communicate.
Is vital to study the differents text types that we can find inside some written texts such us: magazines newspapers, emails, diaries, and so on.Each of these examples has degrees of formality, layouts,complexity of grammar and register.When we start learning to write we can find some characteristics of complexity and register and a variety of vocablary in the application of this skill.
In writing we have subskills that are easy in communicating ideas in a paragraph.
I will use all of this subskills to make my students write in a correct way to communicate a message.I will focus on some activities that can develop this skill.

REFERENCES

• Writing. (2017). En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing
• Murray, D. (1972). Teach writing as a process not product. The Leaflet, 71(3), 11-14.

Unit 5 "Reading"

Reading is one of the four language skills we found in English language.This is a receptive skill which involves responding to the text, instead of producing it.What we have to do here is to connect the message of the text with what already known. In this case, we need to understand the language to know what we are conveying to the people.
This unit has to deal with some reading skills that help us step by sptep to concentrate in the text we want to read. Here, I learnt about some reading subskills. They are suitable to find the purpose of what we are reading for.I find effective skimming, in here what we have to do is to found  relaible information about the whole text.Another subskills was deducing meaning form context, which actually is keep on reading no matter if you don't know the meanig of a word to work out in the meaning.Of course there are more skills but, I find them useful for me.
Talking about in the educational field, I will use some methods to teach reading. I will choose some short readings according to the students' level.Other activity that I will apply is not allow students use the dictionary to make them try to figure out an uknown word taht could be in the text.In this way they will learn the vocabulary about the unit as refence.

REFERENCES

• McNamara, D. S. (Ed.). (2012). Reading comprehension strategies: Theories, interventions, and technologies. Psychology Press.
• Moats, L. C. (1999). Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science: What Expert Teachers of Reading Should Know and Be Able To Do.

Unit 4 "Functions"

A function gives us many reasons to communicate. Each time we speak, we do it for a purpose.Every word we say, has a reason or a function.There are many examples of those;apologizing, greeting, clarifying, inviting, advising, agreeing and so on. Functions can help us on the way of describing language itself.When we describe a function, we are focusing on the language and its meaning related  to people who are talking to, and also the context which it is used.
This unit had some useful topics that we as future teachers need to know to share that to our students.I have learnt to recognize some exponents about what levels of formality are and for what they are useful.The fisrt one is formal language, it is used in situations which people do not know each other very well.The second one is Informal language, this is used in more realaxed situations between friends, family, and people who know each other well.The last one is Neutral language, which  involves we don't want to be respectful neither so casual to the other person who is going to   be talking.
Sometimes  it is difficult to teach these aspects to students. However, we have to find the way to make that context easy to them.One example is appplying these topics in real context, asking students when do they use those functions and then having feedback to correct thier mistakes.

In the following video you can find more information about what functions are.

REFERENCES

•  function in communication wikipedia - Buscar con Google. (2017).
• Teaching Grammar: Understanding Structures and Functions. (2017).

Unit 3 "Phonology"

Phonology basically is the study of sounds that are used in the language to communicate. It can be separeted into smallest units to have  pronunciation. Some of them are presented in phonemic  symbols that are writen to recognize how a specific word is pronounce. Definitions of the term could vary acording to  some authors.  Lass (1998) said that phonology is concerned  with narrow terms according to the sounds of language.On the other hand, Clark (2007) describes phonology as a systematc use of the sounds to convey meaning in human language.
In unit 3 I saw  some aspects of the language and how they work in communication. There are some features as phonemes, words stress, sentences stress and intonation inside the English language, it has to deal with linguistics concepts.This unit talked about phonemes that are the smallest unit of sound that can have a meaning in a language. There are examples that demostrate this as in "cars" the /s/ sound means that it is plural.another sspect that I found useful was consonats  in here we cand find two types; voiced sounds, and unvoiced sounds. Those complement to the languae pronunciation.
I will apply this topic in a way in which studetns do not feel confuse because this field is a little bit complicated to teach. I will present the phonemic  chart to make them see how the pronunciation a certan word is pronounce.

REFERENCES

• Phonology. (2017). 
• Tkt course modules 1 2 and 3 2nd edition | Teacher Training, Development and Research. (2017). 

Unit 2 "Lexis"

Lexis it is all about individual words that we use into the language to have a specific meaning of  it. This unit covered differents topics; for instance prefixes, suffixes, compounds, etc and its uses into the language. It refers to how and when we want to convey meaning to others.

What I learnt from this lesson was interesting and reliable in my learning process  because I could remember all the topics that I learnt in previous levels. Something that I got was about the compounds nouns and how they can change their meaning when they are together. Some of them can  sound completely different when they are issolated. For example "smart" means intelligent and if  we add another word as "phone" it completely changes its meaning to "smartphone" what actually is a new word that does not have to deal with the previous ones. Another topic that I deeply engaged on were  Idioms , these are words  or expressions that can´t be taken literally as in  A pain in th neck! this expression does mean that you are suffering form the neck , it is metaphorical expression that means that something is difficut to deal with , so,  the  meanings vary according to the context in which you are using the language.

Within my professional field, I will use this unit in real context to make students have an idea of what they are learning. It is necessary to teach this very carefull and be aware of some problems we can have inside the classrom. There are some activities  such us games videos, roplays that will help students understand better the topic.  

 REFERENCES

• inglés, a. (2017). a pain (in the neck) Significado en el diccionario Cambridge inglés. Dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 19 April 2017
• Tkt course modules 1 2 and 3 2nd edition | Teacher Training, Development and Research. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 19 April 2017

Unit 1 "Grammar"

In unit, 1 I have learnt about grammar and its uses. According to William Somerset Maugham, The Summing Up, (1938) Grammar is neccesary in our lives, It is a common speech related to language.This also has to deal how words are combined to make a certain meaning into language. In fact, grammar involves some forms and functions including its uses.

Into this unit I learned very significan terms such us prefixes, prepositions, pronouns, conjuctions, etc that helped me to engage into the lesson very quickly. In addition, all the explanations given in the class were meaningful to my learning.

 All this knowledge acquired will be useful in the future in my professional life.In my point of view as a future teacher, I will apply grammar in so many differents ways, not with the traditional ones that make students feel boring about learning grammar rules.Instead, I will use some activities that make them feel comfortable inside the classrom. For instance, I will not only use the book but also some fun activities to make the lesson easy to the students.They do not like to learn rules by heart.There are some innovaties ways to teach grammar; as an example of  a game could be "Tingo Tango" in  this activity students need to remeber some verbs that were presented the class before.This example is just one of  many I will apply to them.

In the next video you can watch how important  grammar is and how to acquire it in a natural way.

REFERENCES

• How to Learn English Grammar the Natural Way (AJ #10). (2017). 
• Grammar - An Introduction in English. (2017). 
• Tkt course modules 1 2 and 3 2nd edition | Teacher Training, Development and Research. (2017).